Biosynthesis of Thiamin Pyrophosphate

Impact of prevailing thiamin levels on thiamin pyrophosphate uptake in pancreatic acinar cells: do the shuttle!

THIAMIN IS A WATER-SOLUBLE B1 vitamin that regulates critical cellular processes, such as oxidative energy metabolism, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and mitochondrial function; thus, it is referred to as the energy vitamin (3, 5). Based on these known roles of thiamin, deficiency of this vitamin can lead to serious cellular impairments, including reduced cellular energy, increased ox...

Mitochondrial Uptake of Thiamin Pyrophosphate: Physiological and Cell Biological Aspects

Mammalian cells obtain vitamin B1 (thiamin) from their surrounding environment and convert it to thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) in the cytoplasm. Most of TPP is then transported into the mitochondria via a carrier-mediated process that involves the mitochondrial thiamin pyrophosphate transporter (MTPPT). Knowledge about the physiological parameters of the MTPP-mediated uptake process, MTPPT target...

Orchestration of thiamin biosynthesis and central metabolism by combined action of the thiamin pyrophosphate riboswitch and the circadian clock in Arabidopsis.

Riboswitches are natural RNA elements that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression by binding small molecules and thereby autonomously control intracellular levels of these metabolites. Although riboswitch-based mechanisms have been examined extensively, the integration of their activity with global physiology and metabolism has been largely overlooked. Here, we explored the regulation o...

Comparative Genomics of Thiamin Biosynthesis in Procaryotes

Vitamin B1 in its active form thiamin pyrophosphate is an essential coenzyme that is synthesized by coupling of pyrimidine (hydroxymethylpyrimidine; HMP) and thiazole (hydroxyethylthiazole) moieties in bacteria. Using comparative analysis of genes, operons, and regulatory elements, we describe the thiamin biosynthetic pathway in available bacterial genomes. The previously detected thiamin-regul...

Thiamin pyrophosphate: catalytic mechanism, role in protein turnover.